Decline in phylogenetic diversity of Arthrodira (stem-group Gnathostomata) correlates with major Devonian bioevents

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.231124

Abstract

Abstract:

Arthrodira, the most diverse subgroup of placoderms, or jawed stem gnathostomes, is noted for their occupation of high trophic levels, especially in the later stage of their evolutionary history. Despite the relatively complete fossil record of arthrodires, the results of previous studies on the arthrodire diversity, based on counting the numbers of taxa in each time interval (raw or taxic diversity), correlate poorly with major Devonian bioevents. Here, we assemble a new, exhaustive dataset of arthrodires, comprising 450 species of 219 genera. Most taxa are integrated into a supertree integrating the results from various phylogenetic investigations. Our analysis of the phylogenetic diversity, accounting for the presence of ghost lineages, reveals a very different pattern compared to the raw diversity. The phylogenetic diversity of arthrodires exhibited a typical early burst pattern, peaking in the Early Devonian (Lochkovian-Pragian Boundary), and followed by declines that aligned well with several major bioevents. Near each of the first four events, the arthrodire diversity experienced only minor drops and generally persisted at high levels. The later three events, particularly the Frasnian-Famennian Boundary and Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary Events, led to steep declines in arthrodire diversity, from which they never recovered before their complete extinction in the end-Devonian. All these declines were not evident in the raw or taxic diversity pattern, except that related to the Frasnian-Famennian Boundary Event.

Key words: Devonian, Placoderm, Arthrodira, taxic diversity, phylogenetic diversity, bioevents

摘要：

节甲鱼类是盾皮鱼类(具颌的有颌类干群)中多样性最高的类群，以占据较高营养级而著称，特别是在它们演化历史的后期。尽管节甲鱼类的化石记录相对完整，但以往对节甲鱼类多样性的研究主要基于统计每个地质历史阶段的分类单元数量(原始多样性), 其结果与泥盆纪重大环境-生物事件耦合程度较差。本文建立了一个新的包括219个属、450个种的详尽的节甲鱼类数据集，并根据之前许多系统发育研究结果，将其中大部分属种整合置入一个人工超树中，以进行系统发育多样性分析。分析结果表明，考虑幽灵支系的存在之后，节甲鱼类系统发育多样性的变化曲线与原始多样性曲线截然不同。节甲鱼类系统发育多样性呈现出典型的早期爆发的模式，在早泥盆世(洛赫考夫期-布拉格期界线)达到峰值，随后伴随一系列事件发生下降。在前4个事件的附近，节甲鱼类的系统发育多样性都只经历微弱的下降，总体维持在较高的水平；而在后3个事件，特别是弗拉期-法门期界线和泥盆纪-石炭纪界线两大事件发生时间附近发生急剧下降，并且直到该类群在泥盆纪末完全灭绝之前，都未出现恢复迹象。而节甲鱼类的原始多样性除了在弗拉期-法门期事件的时间出现下降，在所有其他事件中下降都不明显。

关键词: 泥盆纪, 盾皮鱼类, 节甲鱼类, 分类多样性, 系统发育多样性, 生物事件

CLC Number:

Q915.862

XUE Qin-Yuan, YU Yi-Lun, PAN Zhao-Hui, ZHU You-An, ZHU Min. Decline in phylogenetic diversity of Arthrodira (stem-group Gnathostomata) correlates with major Devonian bioevents. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2024, 62(1): 1-12.

薛钦元, 余逸伦, 潘照晖, 朱幼安, 朱敏. 2024, 62(1): 1-12, 节甲鱼类(有颌脊椎动物干群)系统发育多样性的衰落与泥盆纪重大环境-生物事件耦合. 古脊椎动物学报.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic relationships of major early vertebrate clades Modified from Zhu et al. (2022) and Reeves et al. (2023)

Fig. 2 Workflow of supertree assembly A. backbone tree amalgamated from the phylogenies presented by Zhu Y A et al. (2016)and Dupret et al. (2017) respectively; B. backbone tree of selenosteids that combined various phylogenetic results; C. tree of Brachythoraci with additional taxa manually grafted

Fig. 3 Diversity pattern of Arthrodira A. taxic diversity curve; B. phylogenetic diversity curve Abbreviations: D/C E. Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary Event; Eif. Eifelian; Em/Ei E. Emsian-Eifelian Boundary Event; Fr/Fa E. Frasnian-Famennian Boundary Event; Giv. Givetian; L’Ei E. Late Eifelian Events;L’ Gi E. Late Givetian Event; Lo/Pr E. Lochkovian-Pragian Boundary Event; M’Em E. Mid-Emsian Event; Pra. Pragian; Sil. Silurian

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