Abstract: Based on extensive morphological studies of the Chinese fossil osteoglossomorphs as well as the representatives of the major lineages of living osteoglossomorphs, I present the result of a cladistic analysis of 65 characters in 31 taxa, conducted using PAUP software ( version 4. Ob10) . Strict consensus tree of 16 equally parsimonious trees ( tree length of 206 steps, consistency index of 0. 4320 , retention index of 0. 7194) shows that the Chinese Early Cretaceous osteoglossomorphs (Jiuquanichthys, Lycoptera, Kuyangichthys, Jinanichthys, Tongxinichthys, Xixiaichthys, Kuntulunia and Huashia) are mostly stem-groups of the superorder at different levels; Eohiodon and Jiaohichthys are interpreted as sister group rather than generally accepted Eohiodon and Hiodon; Osteoglossiformes consists of Thaumaturus, Notopteroidei and Osteoglossoidei; Notopterids are more closely related to mormyrids than to osteoglossids; Ostariostoma is the sister group to Notopteridae; Osteoglossoidei is coextensive with Osteoglossidae; Paralycoptera is a sister group to Osteoglossinae + Phareodontinae] . The suggestion of a sister group relationship between Paralycoptera and [Osteoglossinae + Phareodontinae) extends the range of Osteoglossidae back to Early Cretaceous.

摘要： 通过对中国化石骨舌鱼类及骨舌鱼类现生主要类群的比较研究，用PAUP软件对31分类单元的65个特征进行了分析，得到了16个最简约的分支图(步长为206，一致性指数为0.4320，保留指数为0.7194)。严格合意树显示，中国早白垩世的骨舌鱼类(酒泉鱼、狼鳍鱼、固阳鱼、吉南鱼、同心鱼、西夏鱼、昆都仑鱼和华夏鱼)主要为骨舌鱼超目中不同等级的干群；与一般的观点不同，始舌齿鱼与蛟河鱼组成了姊妹群关系；骨舌鱼目由Thaumaturus、弓背鱼亚目和骨舌鱼亚目组成；弓背鱼类与象鼻鱼类关系更近；Ostariostoma为