Abstract: A left lower jaw from the Paleocene Wanghudun Formation of the Qianshan Basin , Anhui Province, southern China is described. It represents a new genus and species of tillodont, named Benaius qianshuiensis gen. et sp. nov. The new species is characterized by the following features: size small, dental formula 2 + ? ·1·4·3 , i2 not greatly enlarged , p1 present but reduced and laterally compressed, no metaconid on p3 , and p4 submolarized without entoconid. Reexamination of dental features of the Chinese Paleocene tillodonts, including the originally assigned taxa and the reallocated forms of the order, suggests that Lofochaius, Meiostylodon , Interogale, Plethorodon and Simplodon have affinities to the order Tillodontia, whereas Anchilestes, Dysnoetodon, Huananius, and Yuesthonyx do not have close relationships to tillodonts. This conclusion is coincident with the result of the phylogenetic analysis on the basis of the dental characters.

摘要： 记述了安徽潜山盆地古新世裂齿目一新属种,命名为潜水本爱兽(Benaius qianshuiensis gen. et sp. nov. ) 。标本产于望虎墩组下段底部,为一带犬齿和完整颊齿列的左下颌骨。新种的主要特点是:个体较小,下齿列齿式2 + ? ·1·4·3 ,i2 略有增大,p1 存在但退化成单根且侧扁,p3 无下后尖,p4 次臼齿化且无下内尖,下三角座前后压缩且下前尖退化,m3 三叶。 中国曾经记述的和被认为是裂齿类的古新世哺乳动物共有9 个属种: Lofochaius brachyod