As a small to middle-sized bovid, Hispanodorcas had previously only been found in the pan-Mediterranean region and South Asia. Its taxonomic classification at the tribe level has been a subject of debate, with possible associations to Antilopini, Reduncini, or Oiocerini. Here, we report on the first discovery of Hispanodorcas in East Asia, H. longdongica sp. nov. from the Daidian Locality in China, dating to the early Baodean age (~8–7 Ma). The new material consists of five skulls with varying states of preservation and provides the most complete osteological information on Hispanodorcas to date. It features a long, slender, and posteriorly curved horncore with a weak homonymous twist and both laterodorsal and medioventral grooves, which is characteristic of Hispanodorcas. This new species is characterized by having the smallest size amongst all known Hispanodorcas species, a weakly curved brain case in the facial region, and poorly developed posterior and anterior basilar tuberosities. These primitive characteristics suggest that H. longdongica may represent an early evolutionary stage of this genus. Furthermore, they indicate that Hispanodorcas might have directly evolved from the Gazella stock. The homonymous twist in the horncore, which aligns with Oiocerini, may be a case of homoplasy.

西班牙羚(Hispanodorcas)是一类中小型牛科动物，此前只在泛地中海地区和南亚有所发现。西班牙羚的分类一直有所争议，曾被认为与羚羊族(Antilopini), 苇羚族(Reduncini)或角羊族(Oiocerini)有关。报道了在中国庆阳正宁地区的代店化石点首次发现的陇东西班牙羚新种(H. longdongica sp. nov.), 时代大约为早保德期(约8–7百万年前)。新材料包括5个头骨，保存状态各异，提供了迄今为止关于西班牙羚最完整的骨骼信息。其角心长而细、向后弯曲，且微弱地同向扭曲(homonymous twist); 角心同时还具有和外–背侧沟和内–腹沟，这些都是西班牙羚的典型特征。代店地点发现的西班牙羚在已知各种中体型最小，面部和脑颅之间的弯曲较弱，前后基结节均发育较弱。这些原始的特征表明陇东西班牙羚可能代表了这个属的早期演化阶段。此外，该种头骨与瞪羚(Gazella)的相似之处表明西班牙羚可能是直接从瞪羚的祖先演化而来，其同向扭转的角心与角羊族一致，可能是两者平行演化所致。