间型三棱齿象(Trilophodon connexus Hopwood, 1935)属于豕棱齿象类而非嵌齿象 古脊椎动物学报    2024, 62 (1): 33-46.   DOI:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230917

Fig. 2 Mandible of “Choerolophodon” connexus and Gnathabelodon, in comparison with Gomphotherium
A, B, G, K, O, Q. “Choerolophodon” connexus, IVPP V8567, from Halamagai Formation, Ulungur region: A. the original photo in Chen (1988:pl. 2, fig. 1); C, F, J, N. “C.” connexus, IVPP RV35015 (cast of the type specimen, PMU-M 3469), from Diaogou, Guanjiashan Formation (formerly Xianshuihe Formation), Xining Basin; D, H, L, P. Gnathabelodon thorpei, FHSU VP18, type specimen, from Ogallah, Kansas, U.S.A., late Clarendonian; note that the distal end of the mandibular symphysis is repaired by plaster; E, I, M. Gomphotherium tassyi, IVPP V22781, from Heijiagou, upper part of Zhangenbao Formation, Zhongning Region
A-E. in dorsal view, showing the deep symphyseal groove and long or moderate distance bewteen the distal end of symphysis and the anterior end of the cheek tooth row; F-I. in left lateral view, showing the tube-like anterior mental foramen; J-M. in right medial view, showing long or moderate distance bewteen the distal end of symphysis and the anterior end of the cheek tooth row, as well as the thin distal end of symphysis; note that K-M were cut along the middle sagital plan from 3D models; N-Q. in distal view, showing the large mandibular channel (N), and thin bony wall of distal symphysis (P, Q); note that O (“C.” connexus, IVPP V8567) was cut from the same position as N (type), which has been broken. Abbreviations: amf. anterior mental foramen; i2. the second lower incisor (mandibular tusk); m2, 3. the second, third lower molar; mc. mandibular channel; rem. inc. alv. remnant of incisor alvoelus; st. symphyseal trough; thick/thin dis. sym. thick/thin distal symphysis; vas. imp. vascular impression for facial artery and vein. Scale bars without notations equal to 20 cm

本文的其它图/表

• Fig. 1  Terminology and measurements of gomphothere molars A. left m3 of “Choerolophodon” connexus, denoting the terminology of tooth crown; green color, pretrite crescentoids; blue color, pretrite central conules; B. molar crown measurements; C. molar height measurements. Abbreviations: L. length; H. height; Hpo. height of the posttrite side; Hpr. height of the pretrite side; W. width; W1, 2, …, 5. width of the 1st, 2nd, …, 5th loph(id)
• Fig. 3  Cheek teeth of “Choerolophodon” connexus and Gnathabelodon A. “Choerolophodon” connexus, left m2 and m3, IVPP V8567; B. “C.” connexus, left m2 and m3, IVPP RV35015; C. “C.” connexus, right m2, IVPP V31357, from Halamagai Formation, Ulungur region; D. Gnathabelodon thorpei, left m2 and m3, FHSU VP18, type specimen; E. “C.” connexus, right M3, IVPP V8572, from Halamagai Formation, Ulungur region; F. “C.” connexus, left M3, IVPP RV35D49(cast of PMU-M 3045), from Diaogou, Xining Basin; G. Gn. thorpei, right M3, FHSU VP18 Abbreviations: li. lingual side; me. mesial side
• Table 1  Cheek teeth measurements of “Choerolophodon” connexus and Gnathabelodon thorpei (mm)
• Table 2  Mandibular measurements of “Choerolophodon” connexus, Gnathabelodon thorpei and Gomphotherium tassyi (mm)