内蒙古瘤齿短面猬(劳亚食虫目，猬科)新材料兼论中国的短面猬类

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.250910

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

描述了产自中国内蒙古晚渐新世早期的瘤齿短面猬(Exallerix pustulatus)新材料，补充和厘定了该种的下颌和下齿列特征，并与其他短面猬属种进行了初步比较。瘤齿短面猬此前仅见于蒙古湖谷地区塔钦郭勒(Taatsiin Gol)的三达河组(Hsanda Gol Formation); 苏尼特左旗的新材料代表了Exallerix在中国的首次发现。还对中国其他短面猬材料进行了讨论，结果肯定了皋兰山后短面猬(Metexallerix gaolanshanensis)的有效性，并认为其生存年代为晚渐新世晚期，约25 Ma; 内蒙古大庙16地点的短面猬材料很可能归入到准噶尔合短面猬(Synexallerix junggarensis), 而非皋兰山后短面猬。

关键词: 内蒙古, 晚渐新世, 短面猬, Exallerix

Abstract:

This article describes new fossil material of Exallerix pustulatus from the early Late Oligocene of Nei Mongol, China. The specimens supplement and clarify certain mandibular and lower dental morphological features of this species, allowing for further comparisons with other short-faced hedgehogs. Previously, E. pustulatus had only been recorded from the Hsanda Gol Formation at Taatsiin Gol, in the Valley of Lakes, Mongolia. This discovery of new material from Sonid Left Banner marks the first occurrence of the genus Exallerix in China. In addition, discussions of other short-faced hedgehog fossils from Chinese localities confirm the validity of Metexallerix gaolanshanensis, which lived during the late Late Oligocene, approximately 25 Ma. Furthermore, the short-faced hedgehog specimens from locality Damiao 16 in Nei Mongol are tentatively referred to Synexallerix junggarensis, rather than M. gaolanshanensis.

Key words: Nei Mongol, Late Oligocene, short-faced hedgehogs, Exallerix

中图分类号:

Q915.873

李录, 李强, 王晓鸣. 内蒙古瘤齿短面猬(劳亚食虫目，猬科)新材料兼论中国的短面猬类. 古脊椎动物学报, 2025, 63(4): 335-349.

LI Lu, LI Qiang, WANG Xiao-Ming. New materials of Exallerix pustulatus (Erinaceidae, Eulipotyphla) from Nei Mongol and other Brachyericinae of China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2025, 63(4): 335-349.

图/表 7

Fig. 1 Geological historical distribution of short-faced hedgehogs in the world For data and source references see Supplementary data 1

Fig. 2 Exallerix pustulatus from IM 2204, Nei Mongol inlateral (1) and occlusal (2) views A. left mandibular fragment with p4-m1 (IVPP V34183.1); B. left mandibular fragment with m1-2 (V34183.2); C. left mandibular fragment with m1-2 (V34183.3); D. left mandibular fragment with trigonid of m1 and m2 (V34183.4); E. right mandibular fragment with i1, p4-m1 (V34183.5); F. right mandibular fragment with m1 (V34183.6)

Table 1 Measurement of Exallerix pustulatus from IM 2204, Nei Mongol (mm)

	IVPP
	V34183.1	V34183.2	V34183.3	V34183.4	V34183.5	V34183.6
Mandible depth below anterior part of c	4.50	-	-	-	4.83	-
Mandible depth below m1 anterior root	6.25	6.15	>4.38	-	5.15	>5.1
Mandible depth below m2 posterior root	-	6.35	4.23	-	-	-
i1 length	-	-	-	-	-	-
i1 width	-	-	-	-	-	-
c length	-	-	-	-	-	-
c width	-	-	-	-	-	-
p4 length	1.55	-	-	-	2.70	-
p4 width	1.95	-	-	-	2.18	-
m1 length	4.45	4.98	4.48	-	4.38	4.33
m1 trigonid length	3.00	3.35	2.95	-	2.75	2.70
m1 trigonid width	2.45	2.53	2.47	-	2.62	2.43
m1 talonid width	2.33	2.53	2.32	2.35	2.70	2.42
m2 length	-	3.55	3.13	3.25	-	-
m2 trigonid length	-	2.33	2.03	2.20	-	-
m2 trigonid width	-	2.46	2.23	2.35	-	-
m2 talonid width	-	1.95	1.43	2.13	-	-

Fig. 3 CT graphs of mandibular fragment of Exallerix pustulatus (IVPP V34183.2) A. transverse plane, through anterior root of the m1, anterior view; B. sagittal plane, lateral view, the white dashed line shows the alveolus of the i1

Fig. 4 Comparison measurements of the m1 of Exallerix pustulatus with other short-faced hedgehogs For data and source references see Supplementary data 2

Fig. 5 Statistics and comparison measurements of m1 of Exallerix pustulatus with other short-faced hedgehogs n: number of samples. Data and source references see Supplementary data 2

Fig. 6 Statistics and comparison measurements of the m1 and m2 of Exallerix pustulatus with other short-faced hedgehogs n: number of samples. For data and source references see Supplementary data 2

参考文献 38

[1]	Andrews R C, 1932. The new conquest of Central Asia, a narrative of the explorations of the Central Asiatic Expeditions in Mongolia and China. Natural History of Central Asia, Vol. I. New York: American Museum of Natural History. 1-678
[2]	Bi S D, 1999. Metexallerix from the early Miocene of North Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Vert PalAsiat, 37(2): 140-155
[3]	Chow M, Rozhdestvensky A K, 1960. Exploration in Inner Mongolia, a preliminary account of the 1959 field work of the Sino-Sovient Paleontological Expedition (SSPE). Vert PalAsiat, 4(1): 1-10
[4]	Daxner-Höck G, Badamgarav D, Barsbold R et al., 2017. Oligocene stratigraphy across the Eocene and Miocene boundaries in the Valley of Lakes (Mongolia). Palaeobio Palaeoenv, 97: 111-218 DOI PMID
[5]	Feng Z T, Zhang W L, Fang X M et al., 2025. Cenozoic paleoecological evolution of NE Tibet: a review of magnetosratigraphically-constrained mammal records. Earth-Sci Rev, 267: e105156, doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105156
[6]	Kaakinen A, Aziz H A, Passey B H et al., 2015. Age and stratigraphic context of Pliopithecus and associated fauna from Miocene sedimentary strata at Damiao, Inner Mongolia, China. J Asian Earth Sci, 100: 78-90
[7]	Li L, Li Q, 2021. Brachyericines (Erinaceidae, Eulipotyphla) from the early Miocene of central Nei Mongol, China. Hist Biol, 34(7): 1208-1217
[8]	Lopatin A V, 1996. The stratigraphy and small mammals from the Aral Formation, the Altynshokysu Locality, Northern Aral Area. Stratigr Geol Corr, 4(2): 166-180
[9]	Lopatin A V, 2020. A new genus of the Brachyericinae (Erinaceidae, Eriaceomorpha) from the lower Miocene of Mongolia. Dokl Biol Sci, 491(1): 67-70
[10]	Lopatin A V, Zazhigin V S, 2003. New Brachyericinae (Erinaceidae, Insectivora, Mammalia) from the Oligocene and Miocene of Asia. Paleontol J, 37(1): 62-75
[11]	Martin L D, Lim J D, 2004. New insectivores from the Early Miocene of Nebraska, USA and the Hemingfordian faunal exchange. Mamm Biol, 69(3): 202-209
[12]	Matthew W D, 1924. Third contribution to the Snake Creek fauna. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist, 50(2): 59-210
[13]	Matthew W D, 1929. A new and remarkable hedgehog from the later Tertiary of Nevada. Univ California Publ Geol Sci, 18(4): 92-102
[14]	Matthew W D, Mook C C, 1933. New fossil mammals from the Deep River beds of Montana. Am Mus Novit, 601: 1-7
[15]	McKenna M C, Holton C P, 1967. A new insectivore from the Oligocene of Mongolia and a new subfamily of hedgehogs. Am Mus Novit, 2311: 1-11
[16]	Meade G E, 1941. A new erinaceid from the lower Miocene. Geol Ser Field Mus Nat Hist, 8(7): 43-47
[17]	Meng J, Wang B Y, Bai Z Q, 1996. A new middle tertiary mammalian locality from Sunitezuoqi, Nei Mongol. Vert PalAsiat, 34(4): 297-304
[18]	Meng J, Ye J, Wu W Y et al., 2006. A recommended boundary stratotype secition for Xiejian Stage from Northern Junggar Basin: implications to related bio-chronostratigraphy and environmental changes. Vert PalAsiat, 44(3): 205-236
[19]	Qiu Z D, Li Q, 2016. Neogene rodents from Central Nei Mongol, China. Palaeont Sin, New Ser C, 198: 429-464
[20]	Qiu Z D, Wang X M, 1999. Small mammal faunas and their ages in Miocene of Central Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia). Vert PalAsiat, 37(2): 120-139
[21]	Qiu Z D, Wang X M, Li Q, 2006. Faunal succession and biochronology of the Miocene through Pliocene in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia). Vert PalAsiat, 44(2): 164-181
[22]	Qiu Z D, Wang X M, Li Q, 2013. Neogene faunal succession and biochronology of Central Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia). In: Wang X M, Flynn L J, Fortelius M eds. Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology. New York: Columbia University Press. 155-186
[23]	Qiu Z X, Gu Z G, 1988. A new locality yielding mid-Tertiary mammals near Lanzhou, Gansu. Vert PalAsiat, 26(3): 198-213
[24]	Qiu Z X, Yan D F, Chen G F et al., 1988. Preliminary report on the field work in 1986 at Tung-gur, Nei Mongol. Chinese Sci Bull, 33: 399-404
[25]	Rich T H, 1981. Origin and history of the Erinaceinae and Brachyericinae (Mammalia, Insectivora) in North America. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist, 171(1): 1-116
[26]	Rich T H, Rich P V, 1971. Brachyerix, a Miocene hedgehog from Western North America, with a description of the tympanic regions of Paraechinus and Podogymnura. Am Mus Novit, 2477: 1-58
[27]	Rich T H, Flannery T F, Trusler P et al., 2001. A second tirbosphenic mammal from the Mesozoic of Australia. Rec Queen Victoria Mus, 110: 1-9
[28]	Stevens M S, 1977. Further study of Castolon local fauna (early Miocene) Big Bend National Park, Texas. Texas Mem Mus, Pearce-Sellards Ser, 28: 1-69
[29]	Sukselainen L, Peltonen H, Kaakinen A et al., 2017. Small mammal taphonomy of three Miocene localities from Damiao, Nei Mongol, China. Vert PalAsiat, 55(1): 71-88
[30]	Wang X M, Qiu Z D, Li Q et al., 2009. A new Early to Late Miocene fossiliferous region in Central Nei Mongol: lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy in Aoerban strata. Vert PalAsiat, 47(2): 111-134
[31]	Wang X M, Li Q, Sun L et al., 2019. Biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and geochronology of lower Miocene Aoerban strata in Central Inner Mongolia. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 518: 181-205
[32]	Wu W Y, Ye J, Meng J, 1998. Progress of the study of Tertiary biostratigraphy in north Junggar Basin. Vert PalAsiat, 36(1): 24-31
[33]	Ye J, Wu W Y, Meng J, 2001a. Tertiary stratigraphy in the Ulungur River area of the Northern Junggar Basin of Xinjiang. J Stratigr, 25(3): 193-200
[34]	Ye J, Wu W Y, Meng J, 2001b. The age of Tertiary strata and mammal faunas in Ulungur River area of Xinjiang. J Stratigr, 25(4): 283-287
[35]	Ye J, Wu W Y, Meng J, 2003. Oligocene/Miocene beds and faunas from Tieersihabahe in the Northern Junggar Basin of Xinjiang. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist, 279: 568-585
[36]	Zhang Z Q, Wang L H, Kaakinen A et al., 2011. Miocene mammalian faunal succession from Damiao, central Nei Mongol and the environmental changes. Quat Sci, 31(4): 608-613
[37]	Ziegler R, 1990. Late Oligocene and early Miocene Didelphidae, Erinaceidae, Metacodontidae and Dimylidae (Mammalia) from Southern Germany. Stuttg Beitr Naturk Ser B, Geol Paläont, 158: 1-99
[38]	Ziegler R, Dahlmann T, Storch G, 2007. Marsupialia, Erinaceomorpha and Soricomorpha (Mammalia). In: Daxner-Höck G ed. Oligocene-Miocene vertebrates from the Valley of Lakes (Central Mongolia): morphology, phylogenetic and stratigraphic implications. Ann Naturhist Mus Wien, 108A: 53-164