印度Haritalyangar地区晚中新世猪类化石新材料

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.231120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

描述了印度北部比拉斯布尔区喜马偕尔邦Haritalyangar地区中西瓦利克的猪类化石上、下颌及牙齿材料。Haritalyangar地区以晚中新世动物群、古人类和其他灵长类动物的多样性而闻名。研究材料为作者之一(ARS)在该地区多次野外季采集的猪类化石；猪类化石地点和最近报道的长鼻类化石地点(含古猿化石地点)均被绘制在地图上。这些化石地点广泛分布于Makkan Khad到 Sir Khad区域内的“Lower Alternations”层和“Upper Alternations”层。猪类化石被鉴定为3个属：原河猪属Propotamochoerus (P. hysudricus)、河马齿河猪属Hippopotamodon (H. sivalense) 和云南猪属Yunnanochoerus (Y. dangari)。 Propotamochoerus hysudricus 为中西瓦利克最常见的化石猪类，新发现的Yunnanochoerus dangari进一步证明这种古猪类化石仅在Haritalyangar地区有少量遗存。Haritalyangar地区新发现的猪类化石组成与巴基斯坦的Nagri动物群相近。基于猪类化石进行的Potwar高原年代地层学对比表明，Haritalyangar地区的“Lower Alternations”层的年龄范围为~10-9 Ma, 与最新的磁极性地层学年代范围很接近。

关键词: 中西瓦利克, 晚中新世, 猪超科, 云南猪属, 原河猪属, 河马齿河猪属

Abstract:

We report here a number of mandibular, maxillary and dental fossil remains of Indian Suoidea from the Middle Siwalik of Haritalyangar area in Bilaspur District of Himachal Pradesh, North India. Haritalyangar is well known for the diversity of the Late Miocene fauna and the hominoids and other primates. The suoid remains were collected by one of the authors (ARS) during different field seasons and their localities were plotted on the map, along with those of the proboscidean reported recently, including the hominoid localities. The fossil localities are spread over the ‘Lower Alternations’ and the ‘Upper Alternations’ from Makkan Khad to Sir Khad. We have assigned the fossils into three genera, Propotamochoerus (P. hysudricus), Hippopotamodon (H. sivalense) and Yunnanochoerus (Y. dangari). Propotamochoerus hysudricus represents the most common suid in the Middle Siwaliks. The new remains of the suoid Yunnanochoerus dangari further documents this rare palaeochoerid only known in the Haritalyangar area by a few fossils. The new suoid remains show clear affinities with the Nagri fauna of the Pakistan Siwaliks. Biochronological correlations with the Potwar Plateau based on suoids indicate an age bracket of ~10-9 Ma for the ‘Lower Alternations’ of Haritalyangar, close to the bracket mostly recently proposed on the basis of magnetic polarity stratigraphy.

Key words: Middle Siwalik, Late Miocene, Suoidea, Yunnanochoerus, Propotamochoerus, Hippopotamodon

中图分类号:

Q915.876

Anek R. SANKHYAN, Olivier CHAVASSEAU. 印度Haritalyangar地区晚中新世猪类化石新材料. 古脊椎动物学报, 2024, 62(1): 69-84.

Anek R. SANKHYAN, Olivier CHAVASSEAU. New suoid remains (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Late Miocene of Haritalyangar, India. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2024, 62(1): 69-84.

图/表 6

Fig. 1 Map of the region of Haritalyangar showing the localities that yielded fossil suoids The hominoid and proboscidean bearing localities are also indicated. Suoid Localities: 1. Ghori S; 2. Kutla/Karan E; 6. Kherin W; 10. Dholkhana lower; 11. Dholkhana Upper; 14. Barog S/Cap-Ridge; 19. Hari mid Scarp; 23. Dangar East (Dhagiala); 26. Targhel SW. Dashed lines: limits between the formations (modified after Johnson et al., 1983); B. Boulder Conglomerate; L. ‘Lower Alternations’ (=equivalent to the Nagri Fm. of the Siwaliks of Pakistan); N. Nahan Formation (=equivalent to the Chinji Fm. of the Siwaliks of Pakistan); U. ‘Upper Alternations’ (= equivalent to the Dhok Pathan Fm. of the Siwaliks of Pakistan)

Table 1 Upper teeth measurements of the new suoid material from Haritalyangar, India (mm)

Specimen	Locality number	Taxon	length × breadth
Specimen	Locality number	Taxon	P3	P4	M1	M2	M3
HTA-42a	6	P. hysudricus	13.2×12.2	12.0×14.6	14.9×15.1	-×19.6	28.9×20.2
HTA-42b	6	P. hysudricus	-	12.6×14.6	14.8×-	21.4×19.3	28.7×20.8
HTA-140a	23	P. hysudricus	-	-	-	21.2×19.2	29.5×20.4
HTA-140b	23	P. hysudricus	-	-	14.2×13.8	21.1×19.4	29.3×20.2
HTA-126a	19	P. hysudricus	-	13.1×14.4	14.8×14.6	-	-
HTA-5/79	6	P. hysudricus	-×9.1	11.0×12.4	-	-	-
HTA-20	1	H. sivalense					>35×>30

Table 2 Permanent lower teeth measurements of the new suoid material from Haritalyangar, India (mm)

Specimen	Locality number	Taxon	length × breadth
Specimen	Locality number	Taxon	p2	p3	p4	m1	m2	m3
HTA-8a	1	P. hysudricus	9.8×4.0	13.9×5.8	14.6×9.5	14.6×11.6	18.8×14.3	30.0^×15.2^
HTA-8b	1	P. hysudricus	10.9×4.9	14.2×5.9	15.1×10.1	14.6×12.6	18.9×14.7	31.8×16.3
HTA-126b	19	P. hysudricus	-	-	-	19.4×14.6	24.1×18.2	-
HTA-141	23	P. hysudricus	-	-	-	17.9×12.5	22.9×16.4	-
HTA-154	23	Y. dangari					20.6×11.7	21.1×11.6

Fig. 2 New material of Propotamochoerus hysudricus and Hippopotamodon sivalense from Haritalyangar A-H. Propotamochoerus hysudricus: A. HTA-8a, right mandible with p4-m3 (p2-p3 not displayed); B. HTA-8b, left mandible with p2-m3; C. HTA-42a, left maxilla with P3-M3; D. HTA-42b, right maxilla with P4-M3; E. HTA-140a, right maxilla with M2-M3; F. HTA-140b, right maxilla with M1-M3; G, H. left dp4, HTA-7 (G) and interpretive drawing (H); I, J. Hippopotamodon sivalense, right dp4, HTA-63 (I) and interpretive drawing (J). All specimens are figured in occlusal view. Scale bars equal 1 cm Abbreviations: E. entoconid; EnPa. endoparaconulid; H. hypoconid; Hul. hypoconulid; M. metaconid; Mes. mesoconulid; P. protoconid; Pa. paraconid; Pprm. preprimonid; Prm. primonid

Fig. 3 New material of Yunnanochoerus dangari from Haritalyangar A-D. HTA-154, left mandible with m2-m3: A. occlusal view; B. interpretive drawing; C. lingual view; D. buccal view. Scale bar equals 1 cm. See Fig. 2 for abbreviations

Table 3 Estimated body masses for the Haritalyangar suoids based on regressions of Legendre (1989) and Damuth (1990) (kg)

Specimen	Taxon	Body mass (m1 area)	Body mass (m2 length)	Body mass (M2 length)	Body mass (M1 area)
HTA-8	P. hysudricus	94.5	96.6
HTA-126b	P. hysudricus	194.4	202.9
HTA-141	P. hysudricus	135.6	175.7
GSI 18082	P. hysudricus	114
HTA-140a	P. hysudricus			119.8
HTA-140b	P. hysudricus			118.2
HTA-42b	P. hysudricus			123.3
HTA-126a	P. hysudricus				67.9
GSI 18078	Y. dangari	60.5
GSI K15/247+249	Y. dangari	73.7	108.9
GSI Htu	Y. dangari		107.2
HTA-154	Y. dangari		126.9

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