Abstract: A left lower jaw from the Paleocene Wanghudun Formation of the Qianshan Basin , Anhui Province, southern China is described. It represents a new genus and species of tillodont, named Benaius qianshuiensis gen. et sp. nov. The new species is characterized by the following features: size small, dental formula 2 + ? ·1·4·3 , i2 not greatly enlarged , p1 present but reduced and laterally compressed, no metaconid on p3 , and p4 submolarized without entoconid. Reexamination of dental features of the Chinese Paleocene tillodonts, including the originally assigned taxa and the reallocated forms of the order, suggests that Lofochaius, Meiostylodon , Interogale, Plethorodon and Simplodon have affinities to the order Tillodontia, whereas Anchilestes, Dysnoetodon, Huananius, and Yuesthonyx do not have close relationships to tillodonts. This conclusion is coincident with the result of the phylogenetic analysis on the basis of the dental characters.