Abstract: Abundant early vertebrate fossils including galeaspids (Agnatha) and sinacanths (Chondrichthyes) have been known from the Middle Paleozoic deposits of the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin (Kalpin and Bachu counties), Xinjiang, northwestern China (Wang et al. ,1988; Liu, 1995; Wang et al., 1996; Zhu, 1998; Wang et al., 1998). Here we describe three new forms of galeaspids from the Tataertag Formation (Llandovery, Silurian) near the Tielikewatie village of the Kalpin County, Xinjiang. These new jawless fishes provide us with more evidences on the geographic pro2ximity between the Tarim and Yangtze regions during the Silurian, which is also corroborated by the similarity of the depositional sequence till the Devonian between the two regions. The purplish-red non-marine deposits of the Middle Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin can be subdivided into the Kezirtag, Ymogantau, Tataertag and Kalpintag formations in descending order. Within this sequence, there is no depositional gap or unconformity. Based on the chitinozoans (Geng ,1993) and the continuous sequence, we suggest that the age of the Kezirtag Formation should be the Silurian rather than the early and middle Devonian.