内蒙古韩家营玄武岩夹层中三趾马动物群化石

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.210323

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内蒙古乌兰察布市集宁区韩家营村附近发现了一处夹在两层玄武岩之间的三趾马动物群化石地点。通过K-Ar同位素测年,确定了上、下两层玄武岩的年代分别为6.8和7.2 Ma。与中国北方其他三趾马动物群相比,韩家营三趾马动物群与山西保德、内蒙古四子王旗以及甘肃临夏盆地的三趾马动物群非常相似。保德第43、44、49地点与韩家营的动物群组成类似,表明这几个地点的时代约为7.0 Ma而不是5.5 Ma。内蒙古四子王旗乌兰花地点与韩家营的化石类群也十分相像,证实了该动物群年龄约为7 Ma。对比甘肃临夏盆地的动物群,柳树组上部的杨家山三趾马动物群与韩家营的更接近。韩家营动物群的组成和牙齿结构表明其属于中国晚中新世的西部生物区系Gazella dorcadoides动物群。

关键词: 内蒙古, 集宁区, 晚中新世, 三趾马动物群, K-Ar测年

Abstract:

Here we report a Hipparion fauna locality discovered in between two basalt layers near Hanjiaying Village, Jining District, Wulanchabu City, Nei Mongol. K-Ar isotopic dating of the lower and upper level of the basalt constrains the age of the fauna from 7.2 to 6.8 Ma. Compared with classical Hipparion fauna from northern China, the Hanjiaying fauna is closer to those from Baode of Shanxi, Siziwang Banner of Nei Mongol and the Linxia Basin of Gansu. It is similar to the Loc. 43, 44 and 49 from Baode by faunal composition, confirming their age to be ~7.0 Ma rather than 5.5 Ma. The high similarity with the fossils from Wulanhua, Siziwang Banner, Nei Mongol, verified the age of Wulanhua fauna at about 7 Ma. Compared with faunas from the Linxia Basin, Gansu, it is more similar to those from the upper part of the Liushu Formation, especially the Yangjiashan fauna. Based on the faunal composition and their tooth morphology, the Hanjiaying fauna could be included in the “Gazella dorcadoides” fauna, which is supposed to be at the west paleobiome in northern China during the Late Miocene.

Key words: Nei Mongol, Jining District, Late Miocene, Hipparion fauna, K-Ar dating

中图分类号:

Q915.873

王倩, 刘艳, 王李花, 傅明楷, 张兆群. 内蒙古韩家营玄武岩夹层中三趾马动物群化石. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021, 59(2): 125-137.

WANG Qian, LIU Yan, WANG Li-Hua, Mikael FORTELIUS, ZHANG Zhao-Qun. An Upper Miocene “Hipparion fauna” locality sandwiched by basalt in Hanjiaying, Nei Mongol. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2021, 59(2): 125-137.

图/表 10

Fig. 1 The geographic location and stratigraphic profile of the Hanjiaying locality A. location of fossil site (star) in Wulanchabu City, Nei Mongol; B. stratigraphic section of the Hanjiaying fossil locality; C. the photograph of Hanjiaying profile: 1. dark grey basalt layer; 2. grayish-white marlite layer; 3. orange-red mudstone layer; 4. caesious basalt layer

Table 1 K-Ar isotopic dating data of the basalt from the Hanjiaying fossil locality in Jining District

Sample number	K (%)	Sample weight (mg)	⁴⁰Ar (10^-11mol/g)	³⁸Ar (10^-14mol)	⁴⁰Ar/³⁸Ar	³⁸Ar/³⁶Ar	Age (Ma)
HJY-01	1.60	31.40	2.014	8.087	11.22	86.31	7.24±0.19
HJY-02	1.11	33.50	1.322	8.095	8.661	92.14	6.85±0.21

Fig. 2 Photographs of Amphimachairodus giganteus from Hanjiaying, Nei Mongol A. fragmentary skull (IVPP V 27533.1); B. fragmentary right P4 (V 27533.2) A1, B1. labial view; A2, B2. occlusal view; B3. lingual view

Fig. 3 Photographs of Hipparion coelophyes from Hanjiaying, Nei Mongol A. mandibles (IVPP V 27534.1); B. fragmentary left maxilla (V 27534.4); C. right M1/2 (V 27534.30); D. left p2-3 (V 27534.8-9); E. right p3/4 (V 27534.10); F. right m1/2 (V 27534.11) A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1. occlusal view; A2, B2, C2, D2, E2, F2. labial view

Table 2 Measurements of upper teeth of Hipparion coelophyes from Hanjiaying (mm)

		V 27534.4		V 27534.5		V 27534.6		V 27534.30
		L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W
P2		27.7	20.8	26.6	19.7
P2	Pr	5.7	4.0	8.4	5.8
P3		22.7	22.1	19.4	20.6	17.9	19.6
P3	Pr	6.6	4.0	7.1	4.7	7.4	4.6
P4		21.7	19.8	19.5	21.7	19.3	22.5
P4	Pr	7.2	4.1	7.5	4.7	7.4	4.4
M1		19.8	15.0	17.0	20.9	17.8	21.6
M1	Pr	6.5	3.2	7.9	5.1	7.5	4.6
M2		19.0	19.0	17.3	20.3	18.5	20.2	25.4	22.8
M2	Pr	5.8	3.1	6.3	4.2	6.8	4.3	7.3	3.5
M3				20.7	18.2	21.5	18.3
M3	Pr			6.2	4.3	6.4	3.5

Table 3 Measurements of lower teeth of Hipparion coelophyes from Hanjiaying (mm)

	V 27534.1				V 27534.3		V 27534.2		V 27534.8		V 27534.9		V 27534.10		V 27534.11
	left		right		L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W
	L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W	L	W
p2	24.2	13.3	24.4	13.5			25.2	12.2	29.9	13.7
p3	23.0	14.2	22.4	14.2			19.4	13.1			24.6	14.5	24.2	15.8
p4	21.6	13.2	22.0	13.4	18.7	13.0	19.0	12.8
m1	21.4	12.7	21.6	12.8	16.7	12.3	16.4	12.1							25.2	13.3
m2	20.3	11.7	20.9	11.8	20.8	11.5	18.9	11.4
m3	21.8	9.8	21.3	9.7	24.8	10.0	24.9	9.8
i1	13.7	8.8	13.8	8.7	11.7	9.7	11.4	9.0
i2	14.5	8.0	14.4	8.2	11.9	8.9	11.9	9.0
i3	12.9	7.3	12.6	7.3	11.5	7.7	11.4	7.5

Fig. 4 Photographs of Giraffidae from Hanjiaying, Nei Mongol A-C. Palaeotragus microdon: A. fragmentary right mandible with m2-3 (IVPP V 27535.1); B. right M2 (V 27535.2); C. right m3 (V 27535.3); D. Samotherium sp. fragmentary left mandible with p3-m2 (V 27536) A1, B, C1, D1. occlusal view; A2, C2, D2. labial view

Fig. 5 Photographs of Bovidae from Hanjiaying, Nei Mongol A, B. Dorcadoryx palaeosinensis: A. fragmentary right mandible with p2-m1, half m2, m3 (IVPP V 27537.1); B. left M2 (V 27537.3); C-G. Gazella sp: C. fragmentary right maxilla with P2-M2 (V 27538.1); D. fragmentary right mandible with p2-m3 (V 27538.3); E. fragmentary left mandible with p3-m3 (V 27538.4); F-G. horn cores (V 27538.15-16); H-K. Oioceros sp. horn cores (V 27539.1-4); L. Bovidae gen. et sp. indet. horn core (V 27540) A1, B1, C1, D1, E1. labial view; A2, B2, C2, D2, E2. occlusal view

Table 4 Measurements of upper and lower teeth of Gazella sp. from Hanjiaying (mm)

V 27538.1	P2	P3	P4	M1	M2
L	8.4	7.5	7.3	9.6	11.4
W	5.7	6.7	8.5	10.5	11.0
V 27538.3	p2	p3	p4	m1	m2	m3
L	4.8	7.5	8.9	9.7	11.3	17.2
W	3.5	4.4	5.3	7	7.5	7.6
V 27538.4	p3	p4	m1	m2	m3
L	7.8	9.3	8.9	11.1	17.0
W	4.4	5.0	7.7	8.2	7.4

Fig. 6 Photographs of Ochotona lagreli in occlusal view from Hanjiaying, Nei Mongol A. fragmentary left mandible with p3-m1 (IVPP V 27541.1); B. fragmentary right mandible with m2-3 (V 27541.2)

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