义县组上部一件无齿翼龙超科前肢及对金刚山义县翼龙的修订
收稿日期: 2020-09-07
网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41602011);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2019075);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41572020);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42072017);国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(41688103)
A new pteranodontoid pterosaur forelimb from the upper Yixian Formation, with a revision of Yixianopterus jingangshanensis
Received date: 2020-09-07
Online published: 2021-04-20
热河生物群的翼龙都发现于义县组和九佛堂组。金刚山层位于义县组上部,已经报道的翼龙包括最早发现的两件翼龙胚胎,两件古翼手龙超科的标本,以及一件存疑的金刚山义县翼龙。对这一层位发现的一件前肢标本进行了描述,并确定其属于无齿翼龙超科。对现存于本溪地质博物馆的金刚山义县翼龙的正型标本进行了观察,并修订其鉴定特征。无齿翼龙超科成员具有独有的特征组合为：牙齿垂直于咬合面,呈三角形且唇舌向扁,前两对更长更细;第二翼指骨长度约为第一翼指骨的93%。在热河生物群中,古翼手龙超科的标本主要发现于义县组,而古神翼龙超科主要发现于九佛堂组。包括这件新标本和金刚山义县翼龙在内的无齿翼龙超科在九佛堂组发现的略多于义县组,这与之前认为的翼龙分布情况不同。
蒋顺兴, 张鑫俊, 程心, 汪筱林 . 义县组上部一件无齿翼龙超科前肢及对金刚山义县翼龙的修订[J]. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021 , 59(2) : 81 -94 . DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.201124
Pterosaurs in the Jehol Biota have been found in the Yixian and Jiufotang formations. The Jingangshan bedding is in the upper part of the Yixian Formation. The first two pterosaur embryos ever discovered in the world, two archaeopterodactyloid specimens, and the questionable Yixianopterus jingangshanensis have been reported in previous literature. Here, we describe a forelimb from this horizon and confirm its phylogenetic position in the Pteranodontoidea. The holotype of Y. jingangshanensis, now housed at Benxi Geological Museum, has been examined. The diagnosis of this taxon has been revised without the consideration of the artificial parts as following, a pteranodontoid pterosaur with a distinguished combination of characters: triangular and labiolingually compressed teeth with the first two more slender and longer than the others; teeth vertical to the occlusal surface; the second wing phalanx about 93% the length of the first wing phalanx. In the Jehol Biota, archaeopterodactyloid specimens have been mainly discovered from the Yixian Formation, while tapejaroids are almost found from the Jiufotang Formation. Including the new forelimb and Y. jingangshanensis, the pteranodontoids from the Jiufotang Formation are slightly greater in number than those from the Yixian Formation in species and specimens, differing from the previous thoughts on the distribution.
| [1] | Andres B, Ji Q, 2006. A new species of Istiodactylus (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning, China. J Vert Paleont, 26:70-78 |
| [2] | Andres B, Clark J M, Xu X, 2014. The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group. Curr Biol, 24:1011-1016 |
| [3] | Averianov A O, 2020. Taxonomy of the Lonchodectidae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea). Proc Zool Inst RAS, 324:41-55 |
| [4] | Bennett S C, 1994. Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea). Occ Pap Nat Hist Mus, 169:1-70 |
| [5] | Bennett S C, 2001. The osteology and functional morphology of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon. Palaeont Abt A, 260:1-153 |
| [6] | Codorniú L S, Chiappe L M, Rivarola D, 2017. Neonate morphology and development in pterosaurs: evidence from a ctenochasmatid embryo from the Early Cretaceous of Argentina. Geol Soc London Spec Publ, 455:83-94 |
| [7] | Eck K, Elgin R A, Frey E, 2011. On the osteology of Tapejara wellnhoferi Kellner 1989 and the first occurrence of a multiple specimen assemblage from the Santana Formation, Araripe Basin, NE-Brazil. Swiss J Palaeontol, 130:277-296 |
| [8] | Goloboff P A, Catalano S A, 2016. TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics, 32:221-238 |
| [9] | Hone D W E, Fitch A J, Ma F M et al., 2020. An unusual new genus of istiodactylid pterosaur from China based on a near complete specimen. Palaeontol Electron, doi: 10.26879/1015 |
| [10] | Howse S C B, 1986. On the cervical vertebrae of the Pterodactyloidea (Reptilia: Archosauria). Zool J Linn Soc, 88:307-328 |
| [11] | Ji Q, Ji S A, Cheng Y N et al., 2004. Pterosaur egg with a leathery shell. Nature, 432:572 |
| [12] | Jiang S X, Wang X L, Meng X et al., 2014. A new boreopterid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China, with a reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of the Boreopteridae. J Paleont, 88:823-828 |
| [13] | Jiang S X, Cheng X, Ma Y X et al., 2016. A new archaeopterodactyloid pterosaur from the Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China, with a comparison of sterna in Pterodactylomorpha. J Vert Paleont, 36:e1212058 |
| [14] | Jiang S X, Li Z H, Cheng X et al., 2020. The first pterosaur basihyal, shedding light on the evolution and function of pterosaur hyoid apparatuses. PeerJ, 8:e8292 |
| [15] | Kellner A W A, 2003. Pterosaur phylogeny and comments on the evolutionary history of the group. Geol Soc London Spec Publ, 217:105-137 |
| [16] | Kellner A W A, Tomida Y, 2000. Description of a new species of Anhangueridae (Pterodactyloidea) with comments on the pterosaur fauna from the Santana Formation (Aptian-Albian), northeastern Brazil. Natl Sci Mus Monogr, 17:1-137 |
| [17] | Kellner A W A, Caldwell M W, Holgado B et al., 2019. First complete pterosaur from the Afro-Arabian continent: insight into pterodactyloid diversity. Sci Rep, 9:17875 |
| [18] | Lü J C, 2010. An overview of the pterosaur fossil record in China. Acta Geosci Sin, 31:49-51 |
| [19] | Lü J C, 2016. The toothless pterosaurs from China. Acta Geol Sin, 90:2513-2525 |
| [20] | Lü J C, Zhang B K, 2005. New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. Geol Rev, 51:458-462 |
| [21] | Lü J C, Ji S A, Yuan C X et al., 2006a. New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. In: Lü J C, Kobayashi Y, Huang D et al. eds. Papers from the 2005 Heyuan International Dinosaur Symposium. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 195-203 |
| [22] | Lü J C, Gao C L, Liu J Y et al., 2006b. New material of the pterosaur Eopteranodon from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, western Liaoning, China. Geol Bull China, 25:565-571 |
| [23] | Lü J C, Ji Q, Wei X F et al., 2012. A new ctenochasmatoid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China. Cretaceous Res, 34:26-30 |
| [24] | Lü J C, Kundrát M, Shen C Z, 2016. New material of the pterosaur Gladocephaloideus Lü et al., 2012 from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China, with comments on its systematic position. PLoS One, 11:e0154888 |
| [25] | Pan Y H, Sha J G, Zhou Z H et al., 2013. The Jehol Biota: definition and distribution of exceptionally preserved relicts of a continental Early Cretaceous ecosystem. Cretaceous Res, 44:30-38 |
| [26] | Smith P E, Evensen N M, York D et al., 1995. Dates and rates in ancient lakes: 40Ar-39Ar evidence for an Early Cretaceous age for the Jehol Group, northeast China. Can J Earth Sci, 32:1426-1431 |
| [27] | Unwin D M, 2003. On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs. Geol Soc London Spec Publ, 217:139-190 |
| [28] | Vidovic S U, Martill D M, 2017. The taxonomy and phylogeny of Diopecephalus kochi (Wagner, 1837) and ‘Germanodactylus rhamphastinus’ (Wagner, 1851). Geol Soc London Spec Publ, 455:125-147 |
| [29] | Wang H B, Meng J, Wang Y Q, 2019. Cretaceous fossil reveals a new pattern in mammalian middle ear evolution. Nature, 576:102-105 |
| [30] | Wang L, Li L, Duan Y et al., 2006. A new istiodactylid pterosaur from western Liaoning. Geol Bull China, 25:737-740 |
| [31] | Wang M, Stidham T, Zhou Z H, 2018. A new clade of basal Early Cretaceous pygostylian birds and developmental plasticity of the avian shoulder girdle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 115:10708-10713 |
| [32] | Wang X L, Lü J C, 2001. Discovery of a pterodactylid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China. Chinese Sci Bull, 46:1112-1117 |
| [33] | Wang X L, Zhou Z H, 2004. Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous. Nature, 429:621 |
| [34] | Wang X L, Zhou Z H, 2006. Pterosaur assemblages of the Jehol Biota and their implication for the Early Cretaceous pterosaur radiation. Geol J, 41:405-418 |
| [35] | Wang X L, Wang Y Q, Jin F et al., 1999. Vertebrate assemblages of the Jehol biota in western Liaoning, China. In: Wang Y Q, Deng T eds. Seventh Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 1-12 |
| [36] | Wang X L, Kellner A W A, Zhou Z H et al., 2005. Pterosaur diversity and faunal turnover in Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems in China. Nature, 437:875-879 |
| [37] | Wang X L, Cheng X, Jiang S X et al., 2014a. Timing of Linglongta Pterosaur Fauna from western Liaoning and Zhejiangopterus: a summary of geochronology and stratigraphic sequence of pterosaur fossil-bearing beds in China. Earth Sci Front, 21:157-184 |
| [38] | Wang X L, Kellner A W A, Jiang S X et al., 2014b. Sexually dimorphic tridimensionally preserved pterosaurs and their eggs from China. Curr Biol, 24:1323-1330 |
| [39] | Wang X L, Rodrigues T, Jiang S X et al., 2014c. An Early Cretaceous pterosaur with an unusual mandibular crest from China and a potential novel feeding strategy. Sci Rep, 4:6329 |
| [40] | Wang X L, Jiang S X, Zhang J Q et al., 2017. New evidence from China for the nature of the pterosaur evolutionary transition. Sci Rep, 7:42763 |
| [41] | Wang X L, Li Y, Qiu R et al., 2020. Comparison of biodiversity of the Early Cretaceous pterosaur faunas in China. Earth Sci Front, 27:347-364 |
| [42] | Wellnhofer P, 1985. Neue Pterosaurier aus der Santana-Formation (Apt) der Chapada do Araripe, Brasilien. Palaeont Abt A, 187:105-182 |
| [43] | Wu X C, Li J L, Wang X L et al., 2017. Amphibians, Reptilians, and Avians. Beijing: Science Press. 1-285 |
| [44] | Young C C, 1964. On a new pterosaurian from Sinkiang, China. Vert PalAsiat, 8:221-255 |
| [45] | Young C C, 1973. Pterosaurs from Wuerho. In: Pterosaurian Fauna from Wuerho, Sinkiang. Mem Inst Vert Paleontol Paleoanthropol Acad Sin, 11:18-34 |
| [46] | Zhang X J, Jiang S X, Cheng X et al., 2019. New material of Sinopterus (Pterosauria, Tapejaridae) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China. An Acad Bras Cienc, 91:e20180756 |
| [47] | Zhou X Y, Pêgas R V, Leal M E C et al., 2019. Nurhachius luei, a new istiodactylid pterosaur (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province (China) and comments on the Istiodactylidae. PeerJ, 7:e7688 |
| [48] | Zhou Z H, 2014. The Jehol Biota, an Early Cretaceous terrestrial Lagerst?tte: new discoveries and implications. Natl Sci Rev, 1:543-559 |
| [49] | Zhou Z H, Zhang F C, 2004. A precocial avian embryo from the Lower Cretaceous of China. Science, 306:653 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |