欧亚大陆晚中新世 “麝牛类” 牛科动物
收稿日期: 2024-05-30
网络出版日期: 2024-09-09
基金资助
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(SQ2019QZKK0705-02);国家重点研发计划(2023YFF0804500);中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所重点部署项目和中国科学院 “一带一路”硕士生奖学金资助
The Late Miocene ‘ovibovin’ bovids in Eurasia
Received date: 2024-05-30
Online published: 2024-09-09
晚中新世时期出现了许多骨骼形态类似于现生麝牛(Ovibos)的中到大型食草动物，它们广泛分布于全北界，包括11个属：Lantiantragus, Shaanxispira, Tsaidamotherium, Criotherium, Mesembriacerus, Hezhengia, Urmiatherium, Parurmiatherium, Plesiaddax, Sinotragus和Prosinotragus。这些属主要发现于东亚、东欧和西亚地区，其中9个属在中国北方有分布。它们具有独特的特征，包括垂直的脑颅、特化的角心、粗壮的基枕骨。以前的研究经常将这些 “麝牛类” 牛科动物与现生的麝牛一起归入传统的麝牛亚科/麝牛族(Ovibovinae/Ovibovini)。然而，越来越多的研究表明麝牛亚科/麝牛族不是单系的，同时也不支持“麝牛类”动物与现生麝牛存在近的亲缘关系。通常认为在 “麝牛类” 牛科动物的11个属中，近旋角羊(Plesiaddax)、和政羊(Hezhengia)和乌米兽(Urmiatherium)三属具有更密切的关系，三者构成乌米兽族(Urmiatheriini)。然而，先前的系统发育分析并不支持乌米兽族的单系性。总结了Ovibovidae, Ovibovinae, Ovibovini, Ovibovina等术语的嬗变、欧亚大陆晚中新世 “麝牛类” 牛科动物的时空分布、各类群的主要特征及前人的系统发育分析结果。
穆罕默德·伊利亚斯 , 李强 , 史勤勤 , 倪喜军 . 欧亚大陆晚中新世 “麝牛类” 牛科动物[J]. 古脊椎动物学报, 2024 , 62(4) : 262 -290 . DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.240902
During the Late Miocene, numerous medium to large-sized herbivores, that resemble the living Ovibos in skeletal morphology, dispersed throughout the Holarctic realm and comprised eleven genera: Lantiantragus, Shaanxispira, Tsaidamotherium, Criotherium, Mesembriacerus, Hezhengia, Urmiatherium, Parurmiatherium, Plesiaddax, Sinotragus, and Prosinotragus. These genera are primarily found in eastern Asia, in which nine genera are found in northern China, as well as in countries in eastern Europe and western Asia. They are distinguished by unique characteristics, including a perpendicular braincase, specialized horn cores, and a robust basioccipital. Previous studies have often classified these ‘ovibovin’ bovids as part of the conventional subfamily/tribe Ovibovinae/Ovibovini, along with extant Ovibos. Nevertheless, an increasing number of studies do not support the monophyly of the subfamily/tribe Ovibovinae/Ovibovini, nor is a close relationship likely between these Late Miocene ‘ovibovin’ bovids and extant Ovibos. Among the eleven genera of ‘ovibovin’ bovids, Plesiaddax, Hezhengia, and Urmiatherium are often considered to have a very close relationship and conventionally form the tribe Urmiatheriini. However, previous phylogenetic analyses do not support the monophyly of Urmiatheriini. This paper presents a summary of the transmutation of the terms Ovibovidae/Ovibovinae/Ovibovini/Ovibovina, the temporal and spatial distribution of the Late Miocene ‘ovibovin’ bovids in Eurasia, the principal characteristics of these taxa, and the previous phylogenetic analyses.
Key words： Eurasia; Late Miocene; ‘ovibovin’ bovids; Bovidae; temporal and spatial distribution
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