甘肃临夏盆地中新世鬣狗科一新属新种
收稿日期: 2021-05-25
网络出版日期: 2021-10-26
基金资助
美国科学基金会(DEB-1257572);美国纽约自然历史博物馆Frick博士后项目2013-2016;美国怀俄明恐龙国际有限责任公司和美国纽约Maxilla and Mandible有限公司资助
A new aardwolf-line fossil hyena from Middle and Late Miocene deposits of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China
Received date: 2021-05-25
Online published: 2021-10-26
非洲土狼(Proteles cristatus)是鬣狗科中牙齿最为退化的一个种类,与其他化石及现生鬣狗物种粗壮的碎骨型牙齿形态截然不同。它的化石记录可以追溯到上新世,但尚缺少中间过渡形态的化石记录,以致生物学家对这一罕见的食蚁性食肉目动物的起源演化缺乏清楚的认知。描述了鬣狗科化石一新属甘肃鬣狗(Gansuyaena), 并讨论其对于土狼起源的重要指示。所记述的标本为从海外收回的甘肃临夏盆地新近纪材料,包括两件破损头骨和下颌。基于甘肃鬣狗的形态特征,进行了一系列的系统发育分析,结果显示Proteles, Mesoviverrops, Plioviverrops和Gansuyaena组成一个相对原始的鬣狗类群,即土狼亚科(Protelinae)。而且,新的形态证据支持土狼亚科在形态粗壮的鬣狗亚科出现之前就已形成一个独立的支系。
Henry GALIANO, 曾志杰, Nikos SOLOUNIAS, 王晓鸣, 邱占祥, Stuart C. WHITE . 甘肃临夏盆地中新世鬣狗科一新属新种[J]. 古脊椎动物学报, 2022 , 60(2) : 81 -116 . DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.211025
The aardwolf Proteles cristatus is the only known hyaenid, living or extinct, to exhibit an extremely reduced dentition related to its termite-specializing diet. The fossil record of extant aardwolves extends to 2 to 4 million years ago, but records that inform its evolutionary origins are essentially nonexistent. Such circumstance renders it difficult to place this unusual hyena in the broader evolutionary context of small-bodied hyaenid species in Eurasian Neogene deposits. Here we describe a new genus and species of a small-bodied hyaenid, Gansuyaena megalotis, representing the closest morphological link to aardwolves to date. This new fossil hyena is based on a skull with associated mandible, a rostrum preserving several teeth, and several referred specimens. The new specimens were discovered in Neogene deposits in Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that among early hyaenids, G. megalotis is most closely related, but unlikely ancestral, to the living aardwolf. Also recognized in this new species are the fossils previously referred to “Protictitherium” aff. P. gaillardi from Pasalar, Turkey. Additionally, “Plioviverrops” guerini from Los Mansuetos, Spain is interpreted to represent a second Gansuyaena species. In addition to the living aardwolf, Proteles cristatus, our analyses suggest that the proteline lineage includes the extinct genera Gansuyaena, Mesoviverrops, and Plioviverrops. Although the precise timing and geographic location of evolutionary divergence between the aardwolf and Gansuyaena remain elusive, critical new morphological information provided by Gansuyaena specimens reinforce findings from recent genomic analyses that the aardwolf lineage has an ancient origin from small-bodied stem hyaenids prior to the appearance of large and robust bone-cracking hyaenines.
Key words： Linxia Basin; Gansu; Middle and Late Miocene; Hyaenidae; Protelinae
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