山西天镇辛窑子早更新世犀科化石新材料
收稿日期: 2021-03-26
网络出版日期: 2021-10-18
基金资助
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)资助(XDB 26030304)
版权
The first description of Rhinocerotidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Xinyaozi Ravine in Shanxi, North China
Received date: 2021-03-26
Online published: 2021-10-18
Copyright
20世纪80年代在桑干河盆地一带考察泥河湾层时,在山西省天镇县南高崖乡的辛窑子沟一带发现了很多哺乳动物化石地点并出土了大量哺乳动物化石。最近对其中犀科化石的研究表明在辛窑子沟一带的早更新世地层中产出的犀类化石至少有两个种,裴氏板齿犀(Elasmotherium peii )和泥河湾披毛犀(Coelodonta nihowanensis ), 可能还存在过第三个种。由于标本保存状况不理想,暂时鉴定为梅氏犀相似种(Stephanorhinus cf. S. kirchbergensis )。虽然后者的形态大小与梅氏犀最接近,但和泥河湾披毛犀也有相似之处,因此也有可能是这两个种之一的种内变异类型。同样,产于下沙沟地点被德日进和皮维托鉴定为有疑问的中国犀(Rhinoceros sinensis (?))也可能是梅氏犀或泥河湾披毛犀的种内变异类型。迄今为止在广义泥河湾盆地发现的早更新世犀类有两个确定的种和两个不确定的种。出土裴氏板齿犀的地点为下沙沟、山神庙咀、大黑沟及辛窑子沟;出土泥河湾披毛犀的地点为下沙沟、大南沟、东谷坨、山神庙咀及辛窑子沟。有疑问的中国犀仅出现在下沙沟,梅氏犀相似种仅出现在辛窑子沟。
董为, 白炜鹏, 张立民 . 山西天镇辛窑子早更新世犀科化石新材料[J]. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021 , 59(4) : 273 -294 . DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.210715
Abundant mammalian fossils were uncovered during the field exploration for Nihewan beds at the beginning of the 1980s along Xinyaozi Ravine at Nangaoya Township of Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province in North China and the studied taxa indicate an age of the early Early Pleistocene. Recent studies on the rhino material not yet described show that there are at least two species of rhinocerotids: Elasmotherium peii and Coelodonta nihowanensis . There might be a third taxon provisionally named as Stephanorhinus cf. S. kirchbergensis due to incompleteness of the specimens. Since its morphometric characters are between S. kirchbergensis and C. nihowanensis , it might be a variety of one of the two species although it is more similar to the former than the latter. In the same way, The rhino specimens from Xiashagou named as Rhinoceros sinensis (?) by
Key words： Xinyaozi Ravine; Tianzhen; Nihewan Basin; Early Pleistocene; Nihewan beds; Rhinocerotidae
| [1] | Antoine P-O, 2002. Phylogénie et évolution des Elasmotheriina (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae). Mém Mus Natl Hist Nat, 188:1-359 |
| [2] | Antoine P-O, Downing K F, Crochet J-Y et al., 2010. A revision of Aceratherium blanfordi Lydekker, 1884 (Mammalia: Rhinocerotidae) from the Early Miocene of Pakistan: postcranials as a key. Zool J Linn Soc, 160:139-194 |
| [3] | Bai W P, Dong W, Zhang L M et al., 2019. New material of the Early Pleistocene spiral horned antelope Spirocerus (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from North China and discussion on its evolution. Quatern Int, 522:94-102 |
| [4] | Belayeva (Beliajeva) E I, 1966. Rhinocerotidae. In: Vangengeim E A et al. eds. Eopleistocene Mammals of Western Transbaikalia. Moscow: NAUKA. 92-143 |
| [5] | Borissiak (Borissjak) A, 1914. Sur la dentition d'Elasmotherium caucasicum n. sp. Bull Acad Imp Sci St-Pétersbourg, Sér 6, 8(9):555-558 |
| [6] | Boule M, Breuil H, Licent E et al., 1928. Le Paléolithique de la Chine. Arch Inst Paléont Hum, Mém, 4:1-136 |
| [7] | Chia L P, Wang J, 1978. Hsihoutu—a Culture Site of Early Pleistocene in Shansi Province. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House. 1-85 |
| [8] | Chow B S, 1978. The distribution of the woolly rhinoceros and woolly mammoth. Vert PalAsiat, 16(1):47-59 |
| [9] | Chow B S, 1979. The fossil rhinocerotids of locality 1, Choukoutien. Vert PalAsiat, 17(3):236-258 |
| [10] | Chow M C, 1958. New elasmotherine rhinoceroses from Shansi. Vert PalAsiat, 2(2-3):131-142 |
| [11] | Colbert E H, Hooijer D A, 1953. Pleistocene mammals from the limestone fissures of Szechwan, China. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist, 102:1-134 |
| [12] | David A, Eremeico N, 2003. Findings of Elasmotherium cf. peii (Chow Minchen, 1958) from sediments of Early Pleistocene (Upper Villafranchian) at Salcia (Republic of Moldova). In: Petculescu A, Ştiucă E eds. Advances in Vertebrate Paleontology “Hen to Panta”. Bucuresti: Institute of Speleology, Romanian Academy & “E. Racovita”. 17-24 |
| [13] | Deng T, 2002. The earliest known wooly rhino discovered in the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China. Geol Bull China, 21:604-608 |
| [14] | Deng T, 2003. New material of Hispanotherium matritense (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) from Laogou of Hezheng County (Gansu, China), with special reference to the Chinese Middle Miocene elasmotheres. Geobios, 36:141-150 |
| [15] | Deng T, 2004. A new species of the rhinoceros Alicornops from the Middle Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu, China. Palaeontology, 47(6):1427-1439 |
| [16] | Deng T, 2005. New discovery of Iranotherium morgani (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China and its sexual dimorphism. J Vert Paleont, 25:442-450 |
| [17] | Deng T, 2008. A new elasmothere (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China. Geobios, 41:719-728 |
| [18] | Deng T, Zheng M, 2005. Limb bones of Elasmotherium (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) from Nihewan (Hebei, China). Vert PalAsiat, 43(2):110-121 |
| [19] | Deng T, Wang X M, Fortelius M et al., 2011. Out of Tibet: Pliocene woolly rhino suggests high-plateau origin of Ice Age megaherbivores. Science, 333:1285-1288 |
| [20] | Deng T, Wang S Q, Hou S K, 2013. A bizarre tandem-horned elasmothere rhino from the Late Miocene of northwestern China and origin of the true elasmothere. Chinese Sci Bull, 58(15):1811-1817 |
| [21] | Dong W, Wei Q, Bai W P et al., 2019. New material of the Early Pleistocene Elaphurus (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from North China and discussion on taxonomy of Elaphurus . Quatern Int, 519:113-121 |
| [22] | Dong W, Bai W P, Pan Y et al., 2020. New material of Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Xinyaozi Ravine in Shanxi, North China. Vert PalAsiat, 58(3):221-248 |
| [23] | Fortelius M, Mazza P, Sala B, 1993. Stephanorhinus (Mammalia: Rhinocerotidae) of the western Europe Pleistocene, with a revision of S. etruscus (Falconer, 1868). Palaeontogr Ital, 80:1-16 |
| [24] | Guérin C, 1980. Les rhinocéros (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocène terminal au Pléistocène supérieur en Europe occidentale. Doc Lab Géol Lyon, 79(1-3):1-1185 |
| [25] | Hou Y M, Yang S X, Dong W et al, 2013. Late Pleistocene representative sites in North China and their indication of evolutionary human behavior. Quatern Int, 295:183-190 |
| [26] | Jiang P, 1977. A new subspecies of Coelodonta antiquitatis. Vert PalAsiat, 15(3):207-210 |
| [27] | Kahlke H-D, 1969. Die Rhinocerotiden-Reste aus den Kiesen von Süßenborn bei Weimar. Paläont Abh A, 3:667-709 |
| [28] | Kahlke R D, Lacombat F, 2008. The earliest immigration of woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta tologoijensis , Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) into Europe and its adaptive evolution in Palaearctic cold stage mammal faunas. Quat Sci Rev, 27:1951-1961 |
| [29] | Li Y, 1984. The Early Pleistocene mammalian fossils of Danangou, Yuxian, Hebei. Vert PalAsiat, 22(1):60-68 |
| [30] | Liu P, Deng C L, Li S H et al., 2012. Magnetostratigraphic dating of the Xiashagou Fauna and implication for sequencing the mammalian faunas in the Nihewan Basin, North China. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol, 315(5):75-85 |
| [31] | Pei S W, 2001. Discovery of Coelodonta antiquitatis from Hutouliang in Nihewan Basin. Vert PalAsiat, 39(1):72-75 |
| [32] | Pei W C, 1958. Description of mammalian fossils. In: Pei W C ed. Report on the Excavation of Palaeolithic Sites at Tingtsun, Hsiangfenhsien, Shansi Province, China. Mem Inst Vert Paleont Paleoanthrop, Acad Sin (2). Beijing: Science Press. 21-74 |
| [33] | Prothero D R, Manning E, Hanson C B, 1986. The phylogeny of the Rhinocerotoidea (Mammalia, Perissodactyla). Zool J Linn Soc, 87:341-366 |
| [34] | Qi G Q, 1975. Quaternary mammalian fossils from Salawusu River District, Nei Mongol. Vert PalAsiat, 13(4):239-249 |
| [35] | Qiu Z X, 2002. Hesperotherium - a new genus of the last Chalicotheres. Vert PalAsiat, 40(4):317-325 |
| [36] | Qiu Z X, Wang B Y, 2007. Paracerathere fossils of China. Palaeont Sin New Ser C, 29:1-396 |
| [37] | Qiu Z X, Wei Q, Pei S W et al., 2002. Preliminary report on Postschizotherium (Mammalia: Hyarcoidea) material from Tianzhen, Shanxi, China. Vert PalAsiat, 40(2):146-160 |
| [38] | Qiu Z X, Deng T, Wang B Y, 2004. Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Longdan, Dongxiang, Gansu, China. Palaeont Sin, New Ser C, 27:1-198 |
| [39] | Shvyreva A K, 1995. History of the rhinoceros Elasmotherium . Stavropol: G. N. Prozriteleva & G. K. Prave. 1-104 |
| [40] | Tang Y J, Zong G F, Xu Q Q, 1983. Mammalian fossils and stratigraphy of Linyi, Shanxi. Vert PalAsiat, 21(1):77-86 |
| [41] | Tang Y J, Li Y, Chen W Y, 1995. Mammalian fossils and the age of Xiaochangliang Paleolithic Site of Yangyuan, Hebei. Vert PalAsiat, 33(1):74-83 |
| [42] | Teilhard de Chardin P, 1936. Fossil mammals from locality 9 of Choukoutien. Palaeont Sin, Ser C, 7(4):1-61 |
| [43] | Teilhard de Chardin P, Leroy P, 1942. Chinese fossil mammals. Inst Géo-Biol, 8:1-142 |
| [44] | Teilhard de Chardin P, Pei W C, 1941. The fossil mammals from Locality 13 of Choukoutien. Palaeont Sin, New Ser C, 11:1-106 |
| [45] | Teilhard de Chardin P, Piveteau J, 1930. Les mammifères fossils de Nihowan (Chine). Ann Paléont, 19:1-134 |
| [46] | Tong H W, 2002. Dicerorhinus mercki (Jager). In: Wu R K et al. eds. Homo erectus from Nanjing. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House. 111-120 |
| [47] | Tong H W, Moigne A M, 2000. Quaternary rhinoceros of China. Acta Anthrop Sin, 19(Supp):257-263 |
| [48] | Tong H W, Wang X M, 2014. Juvenile skulls and other postcranial bones of Coelodonta nihowanensis from Shanshenmiaozui, Nihewan Basin, China. J Vert Paleont, 34(3):710-724 |
| [49] | Tong H W, Wu X Z, 2010. Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) from the Rhino Cave in Shennongjia, Hubei. Chinese Sci Bull, 55:1157-1168 |
| [50] | Tong H W, Tang Y J, Yuan B Y, 2011. Biostratigraphy division of vertebrate fossils. In: Yuan B Y, Xia Z K, Niu P S eds. Nihewan Rift and Ancient Human. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 47-60 |
| [51] | Tong H W, Wang F G, Zheng M et al., 2014. New fossils of Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and Elasmotherium peii from the Nihewan Basin. Acta Anthrop Sin, 33(3):369-388 |
| [52] | Wei Q, 1997. The framework of archaeological geology of the Nihewan Basin. In: Tong Y S, Zhang Y Y, Wu W Y et al. eds. Evidence for Evolution-Essays in Honor of Prof. Chungchien Young on the Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 193-207 |
| [53] | Wei Q, Meng H, Cheng S Q, 1985. New Palaeolithic site from the Nihewan (Nihowan) beds. Acta Anthrop Sin, 4(3):223-232 |
| [54] | Xu X F, 1986. Dicerorhinus kirchbergensis (Jager, 1839) from the late Middle Pleistocene mammalian fauna of Anping, Liaoning. Vert PalAsiat, 24(3):229-241 |
| [55] | Yan Y L, Wang Y, Jin C Z et al., 2014. New remains of Rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) associated with Gigantopithecus blacki from the Early Pleistocene Yanliang Cave, Fusui, South China. Quatern Int, 354:110-121 |
| [56] | Zhang L M, Griggo C, Dong W et al., 2016. Preliminary taphonomic analyses on the mammalian remains from Wulanmulan Paleolithic Site, Nei Mongol, China. Quatern Int, 400:158-165 |
| [57] | Zhang Z H, Zou B K, Zhang L K, 1980. The discovery of fossil mammals at Anping, Liaoyang. Vert PalAsiat, 18(2):154-162 |
| [58] | Zheng S H, Wu W Y, Li Y et al., 1985. Late Cenozoic mammalian faunas of Guide and Gonghe Basins, Qinghai Province. Vert PalAsiat, 23(1):89-134 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |