江西上高石笋蛋类恐龙蛋的发现

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.211222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

记述了江西省上高县发现的一窝不完整蛋窝的恐龙蛋。根据恐龙蛋宏观形态和蛋壳显微结构特征将其归入石嘴湾珊瑚蛋(Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis)。该窝恐龙蛋为近圆形球体,平均长径11.8 cm, 平均赤道直径9.8 cm, 蛋壳厚度可达2.5 mm; 蛋壳由锥体层与柱状层组成,锥体层较薄,柱状层可分为内层、中间层和外层,内层发育致密的水平生长纹,中间层结构松散,含有大量暗色物质,中间层和外层发育次生壳单元。依据新标本的观察,明确珊瑚蛋属在石笋蛋科中以柱状层中间层结构松散为主要分类特征。上高新标本的发现,丰富了石嘴湾珊瑚蛋的古地理分布,同时也为上高地区晚白垩世含恐龙蛋红层的对比提供了新的证据。

关键词: 江西上高, 晚白垩世, 恐龙蛋, 石笋蛋类

Abstract:

Here we describe a partially-preserved dinosaur clutch with twelve nearly complete eggs discovered in Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province that can be assigned to Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis. These dinosaur eggs are nearly spheroid in shape, with an average polar axis of 11.8 cm and an average equatorial diameter of 9.8 cm. The eggshell has a maximum thickness of about 2.5 mm and is composed of a thin cone layer and a multilevel columnar layer, the latter of which can be divided into inner, medial and outer zones. There are dense horizontal growth lines in the inner zone, lamellar and speckled dark materials in the medial zone, and the secondary eggshell units are distributed in the medial and outer zones. According to this discovery, we revise the main taxonomic characteristic of Coralloidoolithus in the Stalicoolithidae to be the loose and dark materials in the medial zone of the columnar layer. This discovery not only extends the paleogeographic distribution of Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis, but also provides comparative evidence of the Late Cretaceous strata in the Shanggao red basin.

Key words: Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province, Late Cretaceous, dinosaur eggs, Stalicoolithidae

中图分类号:

Q915.21

方开永, 刘清华, 王强, 朱旭峰, 邓里, 刘遇春, 文军, 汪筱林. 江西上高石笋蛋类恐龙蛋的发现. 古脊椎动物学报, 2022, 60(1): 69-78.

FANG Kai-Yong, LIU Qing-Hua, WANG Qiang, ZHU Xu-Feng, DENG Li, LIU Yu-Chun, WEN Jun, WANG Xiao-Lin. Discovery of Stalicoolithidae in Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2022, 60(1): 69-78.

图/表 6

Fig. 1 The incomplete egg clutch showing a disordered stack of eggs (A) and twelve Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis eggs (B) found in Shanggao County (SGMV-002)

Table 1 Measurements of eggs from Shanggao (cm)

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Polar axis	12.0	12.1	11.8	11.9	12.0	11.7	11.8	11.7	12.0	10.9 (residual)	11.5	11.2	11.8
Equatorial diameter	9.7	9.4	10.1	10.2	9.8	10	10.2	10.0	8.9	9.6	9.6	9.5	9.8

Fig. 2 Radial section of the Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis egg under ordinary light (A, B), cross-polarized light (C) and fluorescence (D) A, D. 160722-1④; B, C. 160722-1① I. the cone layer; II. the inner zone; III. the medial zone; IV. the outer zone A. a wide horizon of Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis in radial section, pore canals are irregular and tend to shrink in the medial (black arrow), dark materials appears (gray arrow) and secondary eggshell units distribute in the medial and outer zones (white arrows); B. a large number of secondary eggshell units (white arrows)comprise the outer zone; C. eggshell units and secondary eggshell units (white arrows) show columnar extinction; D. the region of the white line in Fig. 2A, shows pore canal (black arrow) and secondary eggshell units (white arrows), dark material has the bright fluorescence (gray arrow)

Fig. 3 Characteristics of the cone layer of the Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis egg A-C. radial section under ordinary light (A), cross-polarized light (B) and fluorescence (C) respectively; D-F. tangential section under ordinary (D, F) and cross-polarized (E) light A-C. 160722-1②; D-F. 160722-2① Every cone has a nucleation center in different modes (white arrows) (A-C), nucleation centers have bright fluorescence, while the surrounding wedges have darker fluorescence relatively (C); nucleation center is flower-like (the position corresponds to the white line in A of radial section) (D) and shows cross extinction (white arrows) (E), cone gaps are scattered between the cones (black arrows) (D, F) and cone outlines are clearer at a higher level of the cone layer (F)

Fig. 4 Characteristics of the columnar layer of the Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis egg A-C. tangential section through the inner zone (160722-2②) (A), and through the medial zone (160722-2③) (B, C) under ordinary light; D-F. radial section through the medial zone (160722-1④) under ordinary light (D), cross-polarized light (E) and fluorescence (F); G, H. radial section through the outer zone (160722-1②) (G), and tangential section through the outer zone (160722-2④) (H) under ordinary light The density and diameter of pores in the medial zone are smaller than that in the inner zone, and some pores closure (white arrows) (A, B); secondary eggshell units grow in pore canals (white arrows) (C-F), some layered dark materials with bright fluorescence are distributed (black arrows) in the medial zone (D, F); close-up of the outer zone of Fig. 2B, secondary eggshell units are abundant (white arrows) (G); secondary eggshell units grow around the inner wall of the pores (white arrows) (H)

Fig. 5 Radial section of the Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis egg (160722-1④) under ordinary light (A) and fluorescent (B) A nucleation center of the cones with a bright fluorescence (gray arrows), dark material with bright fluorescence appears in the middle zone (white arrows) and some areas of the medial zone have transparent crystals of calcite (black arrows)

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