准噶尔盆地北缘的早期原互棱齿象和皇冠鹿的化石记录及其对中国山旺阶的地层学意义

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.181108

古脊椎动物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 133-154.DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.181108

准噶尔盆地北缘的早期原互棱齿象和皇冠鹿的化石记录及其对中国山旺阶的地层学意义

王世骐¹^,²^,³(), 李春晓¹^,²^,⁴, 张晓晓¹^,²^,⁴^,⁵, 江左其杲¹^,²^,⁴, 叶捷¹^,², 李录¹^,²^,⁴, 李福昌⁶

1 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室北京 100044
2 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心北京 100044
3 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心北京 100101
4 中国科学院大学北京 100049
5 天津自然博物馆天津 300074
6 山东临朐山旺古生物化石博物馆临朐 262600

收稿日期:2018-06-06 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(编号)(XDA20070203);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(编号)(XDB26000000);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目(编号)(QYZDY-SSW-DQC022);国家自然科学基金(批准号)(41372001);国家自然科学基金(批准号)(41430102);国家自然科学基金(批准号)(41625005);国家科技部基础性工作专项(编号)(2015FY310100-14);中国地层委员会(编号)资助(DD20160120-04)

A record of the early Protanancus and Stephanocemas from the north of the Junggar Basin, and its implication for the Chinese Shanwangian

WANG Shi-Qi¹^,²^,³(), LI Chun-Xiao¹^,²^,⁴, ZHANG Xiao-Xiao¹^,²^,⁴^,⁵, JIANGZUO Qi-Gao¹^,²^,⁴, YE Jie¹^,², LI Lu¹^,²^,⁴, LI Fu-Chang⁶

1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044
2 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironmen Beijing 100044
3 CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101
4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049
5 Tianjin Nature History Museum Tianjin 300074
6 Shandong Linqu Shanwang Paleontological Museum Linqu, Shandong 262600

Received:2018-06-06 Published:2019-04-20 Online:2019-04-20
Contact: ^*wangshiqi@ivpp.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国新近纪哺乳动物年代序列的研究已经有了很大的进展,然而,山旺期早期(20~18 Ma)的哺乳动物化石记录却非常缺乏。报道了新疆准噶尔盆地北缘吃巴尔我义东地点索索泉组上部山旺期早期(18.6 Ma)的化石,包括早期欧亚大陆象类和早期鹿科动物。其中,嵌齿象的M2第二脊具有发育良好的副齿柱三叶,因此可以鉴定为原互棱齿象未定种(Protanancus sp.), 属于铲齿象科(Amebelodontidae), 形态上比山旺期晚期的短吻原互棱齿象(P. brevirostris)和托氏原互棱齿象(P. tobieni)原始。而鹿科的鹿角化石具有比较小但高的掌状部分,因此被鉴定为皇冠鹿未定种(Stephanocemas sp.), 属于柄杯鹿亚科(Lagomerycinae)。通过形态学对比认为,该鹿角在系统演化上非常接近皇冠鹿和柄杯鹿(Lagomeryx)的分化位置,并与原始的卢瓦鹿(Ligeromeryx)相去不远。以往的研究证明,长鼻类和鹿科动物在中国出现在谢家期和山旺期之交,因此,巴尔我义东地点原互棱齿象和皇冠鹿的发现首次提供了在这一地区寻找长鼻类和鹿类的重要线索,并且有可能建立山旺阶的下界层型。新材料的层位过去在中国境内很少发现化石,因此有助于深入理解中国山旺期早期的哺乳动物面貌。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 早中新世, 山旺阶, 索索泉组, 原互棱齿象, 皇冠鹿

Abstract:

The Chinese Neogene mammalian fauna sequence has been well established, except for a gap in the early Shanwangian (~20-18 Ma) for which there are few known records of fossil mammals in China. Hereby we report on a newly discovered fossiliferous horizon from the upper part of the Suosuoquan Formation (18.6 Ma), Chibaerwoyi East locality, northern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. In this locality, the occurrences of an early Eurasian proboscidean and an early cervid clearly indicate an early Shanwangian Age of the Early Miocene. The proboscidean check teeth are characterized by the well-developed posttrite trefoils on the second lophs. It was identified as Protanancus sp. (Amebelodontidae), which is morphologically more primitive than the late Shanwangian P. brevirostris and P. tobieni. The cervid antler is characterized by the relatively small yet high palm of the antler and relatively short tines. It was identified as Stephanocemas sp. (Lagomerycinae), which is phylogenetically very close to the dichotomy of Stephanocemas and Lagomeryx, and is morphologically close to the more ancestral Ligeromeryx. Previous studies have shown that both proboscideans and cervids occurred at the Xiejian/Shanwangian transition period. Therefore, the new materials of Protanancus sp. and Stephanocemas sp. give important clues to the first appearance data of proboscideans and cervids in this area, which facilitates establishing the lower stratotype of the Chinese Shanwangian. In conclusion, the new findings represent a rarely known stage of mammalian biostratigraphy in China and are helpful for understanding the faunal succession during the early Chinese Shanwangian.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Early Miocene, Suosuoquan Formation, Shanwangian, Protanancus, Stephanocemas

中图分类号:

Q915.876Q915.878

王世骐, 李春晓, 张晓晓, 江左其杲, 叶捷, 李录, 李福昌. 准噶尔盆地北缘的早期原互棱齿象和皇冠鹿的化石记录及其对中国山旺阶的地层学意义. 古脊椎动物学报, 2019, 57(2): 133-154.

WANG Shi-Qi, LI Chun-Xiao, ZHANG Xiao-Xiao, JIANGZUO Qi-Gao, YE Jie, LI Lu, LI Fu-Chang. A record of the early Protanancus and Stephanocemas from the north of the Junggar Basin, and its implication for the Chinese Shanwangian. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2019, 57(2): 133-154.

图/表 7

Fig. 1 Geomorphologic and geographic information of the study area A. 3D topology map of the Tieersihabahe Terrace with the Tertiary geologic units along the north cliff of the Tieersihabahe Terrace; B. the photo of the fossil site showing the subdivision of the Chibaerwoyi East section

Fig. 2 Stratigraphic column of the Chibaerwoyi East section Note the fossil horizon at the top of the Suosuoquan Formation (indicated by arrows) The insert panel shows the fossils exposed on the ground surface

Fig. 3 Terminology and measurements of gomphotheriid cheek tooth and lagomerycine antler A. terminology of the gomphotheriid cheek tooth, the sketch is based on a left M2 of Sinomastodon praeintermedius; B, C. occlusal (B) and height (C) measurements of the gomphotheriid cheek tooth; D. terminology of the lagomerycine antler (in ventral view), the sketch is based on a right antler of Stephanocemas aff. S. thomsoni; E, F. ventral (E) and lateral (F) measurements of the lagomerycine antler Abbreviations: DapP. anteroposterior diameter of the palm portion; DapS. anteroposterior diameter of the shedding scar; DmaxTa, DmaxTl, and DmaxTp. maximal diameter of the anterior, lateral, and posterior tines; DminTa, DminTl, and DminTp. minimal diameter of the anterior, lateral, and posterior tines; DmlP. mediolateral diameter of the palm portion; DmlS. mediolateral diameter of the shedding scar; H. hight; HP. height of the palm portion; Hpo. height at the posttrite side; Hpr. height at the pretrite side; L. length; W. width; W1, 2, and 3. width of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd loph

Fig. 4 Early Shanwangian proboscideans from the west and east part of northern China A-F. Protanancus sp. (IVPP V 25230) from the top of the Suosuoquan Formation, Chibaerwoyi East Section, Junggar Basin; A-C. right M2, in occlusal (A), buccal (B), and lingual (C) views; D, E. left M2, in occlusal (D), and lingual (E) views; F. posterior fragment of right M3, in occlusal view; G, H. Gomphotherium cf. G. annectens (SW S700063), left M3, in occlusal (G) and buccal (H) views

Fig. 5 Bivariate plots of measurements for some gomphotheriid M2 (A) and some lagomerycine antlers (B) Data source: Protanancus tobieni, after Wang et al., 2015; P. macinnesi, after Tassy, 1986; P. chinjiensis, after Tassy, 1983; cf. Protanancus (Bulgaria), after Markov and Vergiev, 2010; Platybelodon danovi, after Borissiak, 1929; Pl. tongxinensis, after Ye and Jia, 1986; Pl. grangeri and Platybelodon sp. (Tunggur), after Wang et al., 2013; Gomphotherium annectens, after Tassy, 1994; G. inopinatum, after Borissiak and Belyaeva, 1928; G. angustidens, after Tassy, 2014; G. wimani, after Yang et al., 2017; Stephanocemas guangheensis, after Deng et al., 2014; S. chinghaiensis, after Bohlin, 1937; S. thomsoni (Tunggur), after Colbert, 1936; S. aff. S. thomsoni (Halamagai Formation, Junggar Basin), after Ye, 1989; S. palmatus (Qaidam Basin), after Wang et al., 2009; S. cf. S. palmatus (Tongxin), after Wang et al., 2016; Paradicrocerus eleguntulus, after Stehlin, 1937; Lagomeryx ruetimeyeri, a cast of the lectotype in NMB; La. parvulus, after R?ssner, 2010; Ligeromeryx triacuminatus, after Colbert, 1936; Li. praestans, after Stehlin, 1937; Azanza and Ginsburg, 1997; Ligeromeryx sp. (Halamagai Formation, Junggar Basin), after Ye, 1989; “La.” complicidens (Lantian), after Young, 1964; “La.” manai (Mae Moh), after Suraprasit et al., 2014

Fig. 6 Antlers of Stephanocemas sp. from the top of the Suosuoquan Formation, Chibaerwoyi East Section, Junggar Basin A-D. left antler (IVPP V 25231.1), in dorsal (A), lateral (B), medial (C), and ventral (D) views; E, F. broken tine (V 25231.2), in dorsal (E) and ventral views (F); G-I. histology of the left antler (V 25231.1), showing the bone tissue of internal (G), the shedding scar (H), and the outer surface (I) of the palm The micrographs were taken by a Leica MC170 HD microscope, with the positions indicated by the red frame

Fig. 7 Stratigraphic correlation of the Chibaerwoyi East section and the Tieersihabahe section with the dating of the fossil horizon of the upper Suosuoquan Formation The lithology, palaeomagnetic polarity, and its correlation to GPTS are redrawn after Meng et al. (2006)

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[8]	吴文裕，倪喜军，叶捷，孟津，毕顺东. 新疆准噶尔盆地北缘中中新世早期的原圆齿鼠(Promylagaulinae, Mylagaulidae). 古脊椎动物学报, 2013, 51(1): 55-70.
[9]	Olivier MARIDET,吴文裕，叶捷，毕顺东，倪喜军，孟津，李传夔，齐陶　. 新疆准噶尔盆地早中新世的最早众古仓鼠及其与稀古仓鼠的对比. 古脊椎动物学报, 2011, 49(4): 393-405.
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[11]	魏涌澎. 新疆准噶尔盆地北缘中中新世阿特拉旱松鼠及其生态环境讨论. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(3): 220-234.
[12]	邱铸鼎. 江苏泗洪早中新世下草湾组仓鼠科化石. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(1): 27-47.
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[15]	孟津，叶捷，吴文裕，倪喜军，毕顺东. 新疆准噶尔盆地北缘新近系顶山盐池组及相关地层问题. 古脊椎动物学报, 2008, 46(2): 90-110.

准噶尔盆地北缘的早期原互棱齿象和皇冠鹿的化石记录及其对中国山旺阶的地层学意义

A record of the early Protanancus and Stephanocemas from the north of the Junggar Basin, and its implication for the Chinese Shanwangian

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