Abstract: We describe a new bunodont anthracothere (Mammalia; Artiodactyla),Myaingtherium kenyapotamoides gen. et sp. nov., discovered from the upper middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar. The specimens consist of upper and lower dentitions with fragmentary jaws. Myaingtherium is one of the basal anthracotheres and is comparable in size and overall morphology to a small-sized Pondaung anthracothere,Anthracokeryx tenuis. However, Myaingtherium is more similar in dental morphology to Anthracotherium and Anthracohyus rather than to Anthracokeryx in having more bunodont dentition. Myaingtherium is characterized particularly by having a very reduced molar paraconule among bunodont anthracotheres. Some dental characteristics of Myaingtherium, such as a reduced molar paraconule with bunodont dentition and a median accessory cusplet on the lower molars, are reminiscent of those of the Kenyapotaminae (most primitive fossil hippopotamuses) and hippo-like anthracotheriidKulutherium from the Miocene of Africa, implying a possibility that Myaingtheriummight be phyletically related to the Kenyapotaminae. Although more evidences are necessary to test the phyletic relationships of Myaingtherium, this discovery reinforces that the Pondaung anthracotheres are an important fauna for testing and understanding the phyletic relationships and early evolution of the hippo-anthracothere clade.