Abstract: Based on the present available fossil mammal data, this paper tries to synthesize the most updated publications on the Chinese late Neogene, and analyze the evolutionary process of fossil mammal communities and their response to climatic and environmental changes. Preliminary results show that fossil mammal communities in North China are rather stable and uniforrn from the end of Middle Miocene till the latest Miocene (ca. 13 Ma to 7 —8 Ma). The differentiation of a humid and closed fauna in the east, a dry and open fauna in the west during the latest Miocene might be closely related with intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon. Fossil mammal dispersal evidences from Tibet and adjacent areas suggest the forrnation of a geologic ban-ier due to uplift of the Tibet Plateau that might also be the cause of intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon. The Pliocene faunas from North China show strong adaptation to open and dry environments. The diversification and dominance of some lineages, such as siphneids and ochotonids, may well be explained by the climatic vibration during the late Pliocene. Due to the incompleteness, unevenness, and poor geographic coverage of mammal fossils, more work is wanting for achievement of this important and interesting issue discussed herein.