Abstract: The perleidid fishes in China were first discovered from Shaanxi in North China (Chou and Liu, 1957). However, all the other known fossils were found from the Middle and Lower Yangtze region in South China (Fig. 1). Up to now, 3 genera and 7 species have been recognized and nominated from those discovered in the Yangtze region (Su ,1981; Su and Li ,1983; Qian et al., 1997; Liu et al., 2002). Among the known perleidid fishes in South China, most forms are improperly recognized or nominated based on only single incomplete and not well-prepared specimen, and some are evidently synonymous. The fishes from the Lower Yangtze region (2 genera and 6 species) are reexamined in the present paper, of which only Perleidus jiangsuensis and P. yangtzensis are valid to comply with the code of zoological nomenclature (Ride et al., 1985), and Perleidus aff. P. madagascariensis is probably not a perleidid.